
Faithful readers of this blog are aware that RunningBarb’s trip to national parks in California piqued my interest in John Muir, an early environmentalist and founder of the Sierra Club. I wanted to learn more, so I got my mitts on the biography “A Passion for Nature: The Life of John Muir” by Donald Worster. An excellent and informative book.
Muir’s writings on nature reflected his belief that God (his vision of God) was to be found in the wild places on the earth. He wrote as though canyons and rock spires were churches and cathedrals, better than the real ones.
Muir was born in Scotland and came to the United States with his family when he was 11. His father, Daniel, decided to bring them because he rejected the doctrines of churches in Scotland, which he felt did not adhere to the principals of the Christian Bible. He wanted to be his own clergyman. Once in the United States, John was put to work farming on Daniel’s land from sun up to sun down, six days a week.
The elder Muir attempted to control the younger’s labor and religious beliefs through threats, beatings, sermons, isolation, and deprivation. Despite the abuse, John managed to learn a little about the ways that others lived. He read and was fascinated by a book by Alexander von Humboldt about his travels in South America.* He sometimes overheard conversations by neighbors that demonstrated a gentleness and open mindedness than his father did not possess. He was looked after by community members who were concerned about his well-being. Muir began to see that not everyone subscribed to his father’s beliefs.

As he grew into adulthood he became adept at inventing devices to save labor in farming and sawmilling. This type of endeavor met with approval by Scots and Scottish Americans, as it was seen as a way of serving God and humankind. His father did not agree, seeing efforts to reduce human labor as the work of the devil.
While in college he and some friends went on a trek in the back country, planning to travel for three months. Although the trip ended after only three weeks, it was enough to imbue Muir with the desire to see more of the wild earth. A few years later he took a “long walk” from Louisville, Kentucky to the Gulf of Mexico. After being struck with malaria there he felt that California’s environment might be healthier, so he travelled by steamship and train to the Golden State. He began exploring Yosemite and the Sierra Nevada Mountains and writing about his adventures. Although lacking academic credentials, he researched the history and movement of glaciers and their role in creating the area canyons. He rubbed elbows with folks like Clarence King, head of the U.S. Geological Survey.**

Well, the guy lived a long life, marrying and fathering two daughters, running a farm of his own, travelling all over the world, writing books and articles, and trying to get the public to appreciate the natural world. He saw that damage that had been done by cutting down trees indiscriminately, damming rivers, and allowing toxins into the air and water. He believed that access to nature should be available to all human beings so that they can experience the joy of it and desire to protect it. Maybe everyone can find (their version of) God.
Muir’s influence carries on today. On the penultimate page of the book we read:
All those efforts at nature preservation, protecting the high and the mighty, the extraordinary and the ordinary, the obscure and the beloved, flow out of the worldview of liberal democracy. Modern societies have not only sought to preserve Nature in all her forms but also to open those preserved places to any and all human beings, regardless of class or ethnicity, far more so than our universities, country clubs, or gated communities. In that preservation effort they have acknowledged a moral obligation beyond the human species. Americans, like other peoples, have followed Muir’s youthful trail of passion toward a more comprehensive egalitarianism in our relations with the earth.
Amazing how much one person can sway the trajectory of history.
*A great read about Humboldt is “The Invention of Nature” by Andrea Wulf.
** King has an interesting backstory of his own. Late in life he fell in love with an African-American woman, Ada Copeland. Since interracial relationships were banned, the White, blond haired, blue-eyed King convinced Ada that he was Black and worked as a Pullman porter. He would tell everyone he was off on a train trip and instead go to work on a geological project. No one questioned him because why would a White person pretend to be Black? Read his story in “Passing Strange: A Gilded Age Tale of Love and Deception Across the Color Line” by Martha A. Sandweiss.

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